Pedagogika Waldorfska
Szkoły waldorfskie (szkoły steinerowskie) powstają z inicjatywy rodziców i nauczycieli, którzy zakładają stowarzyszenie prowadzące szkołę. Szkoły są jednostkami niezależnymi, nie scentralizowanymi. Pierwsza „Wolna Szkoła Waldorfska” powstała w Stuttgarcie 1919 r. Utworzono ją z myślą o dzieciach pracowników zakładów tytoniowych „Waldorf-Astoria” – stąd wywodzi się jej nazwa. Wolna oznacza, że metody nauczania pozostają niezależne od zewnętrznego zwierzchnictwa politycznego i ekonomicznego.
Nauczanie prowadzone jest od żłobka do matury. Ta forma pedagogiki opiera się na koncepcji człowieka składającego się z ciała, duszy i ducha, opisanej przez Rudolfa Steinera. Metody nauczania dążą do rozwoju każdego z tych trzech członów. Wychowanie ma służyć temu, aby dać możliwość pełnego przejawienia się indywidualności człowieka.
W szkołach waldorfskich żywa jest postawa chrześcijańska. Życie Chrystusa i jego związek
z rozwojem świadomości „Ja” uważane są za najbardziej istotne ze względu na rozwój ludzkości. Wszelkie inne światopoglądy religijne traktowane są z należytą im czcią. Niekiedy prowadzone są lekcje religii przez zaangażowanego do tego celu katechetę.
Nie przeprowadza się żadnych formalnych egzaminów. Zamiast tego wychowawcy wspólnie tworzą możliwie obiektywny opis dziecka, tak, aby tego rodzaju informacja mogła być zaakceptowana przez dziecko oraz służyć rodzicom za dalszą informację i poradę. Pod uwagę brane są nie tylko osiągnięcia w myśleniu (inteligencja), lecz zgodnie z przyjętym obrazem człowieka, również aktywność woli i rozwój wrażliwości uczuciowej dziecka (np. w zakresie zdolności pojmowania sztuki).
J.B., 1999
Na podstawie:
Edmunds Francis „Pedagogika Rudolfa Steinera. Szkoły waldorfskie na świecie i w Polsce”, Wydawnictwo Spektrum, Warszawa 1996.
źródło zdjęcia: Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0
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